Computer Network ????????? Frame Relay ???????????? ???????

?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? Frame Relay in Hindi ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? Frame Relay ?????? Advantages, Disadvantages ?????? layers ?????? ?????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? Frame Relay in Hindi ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????

Introduction

Data ?????? communication ???????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? applications ?????? services ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? - ????????? devices ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? transmit ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? - ????????? devices ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? transmission speeds, data formats, ?????? protocols ????????? - ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????

?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? common ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? device ?????? ????????? compatible ?????? ?????? ???????????? communication ?????? possible ??????????????? Frame Relay ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????? ????????? efficient ?????? standardized data transfer ?????? enable ???????????? ?????????

What is Frame Relay in Computer Network in Hindi? - Frame Relay ???????????? ???????

?????? ?????? Frame Relay ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? packet-switching ????????????????????????????????????????????? service ?????? ?????? cost-effective ???????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? data traffic ????????? - ????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? LANs ???????????? local area networks ?????? WANs ???????????? wide area networks ??????????????? endpoints ?????? ????????? data ?????? transmit ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????

????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? Frame relay ???????????? ?????????????????? popular service ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ISPs ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? Sprint ?????? ?????? T-Mobile ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? Frame relay ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? 2007 ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????

Verizon ?????? ?????? ?????? customers ?????? ????????? 2009 ????????? ?????? service ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? 2013 ????????? phase out ?????? ??????????????? AT&T ?????? ?????? ?????? Frame relay ?????????????????? ?????? offer ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? existing customers ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? 2016 ?????? support ???????????????

Frame Relay ???????????????????????? services ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? PVC ???????????? permanent virtual circuit ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? customer ?????? ???????????? full-time leased line ?????? ????????? pay ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? dedicated connection ??????????????? ?????????

??????????????? Service provider ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? route ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? charges ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? SVC (switched virtual circuits) ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? specific data transfer ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????

Layers of Frame Relay in Hindi

Frame Relay ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? layers ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? define ???????????? ?????? -

1. Data Link Layer
2. Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????, addressing, error detection, congestion management, ?????? multiplexing ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? Data link layer ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? layer logical connections ?????? specify ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? virtual circuits ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? - ????????? devices ?????? ?????? common media ?????? communicate ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? virtual circuits ?????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ????????? encapsulate ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? DLCIs ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????

Physical Layer

Frame Relay ????????? Physical layer ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? - ????????? devices ?????? ????????? ????????? physical connections ?????? ????????????????????? ????????????, maintain, ?????? disconnect ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? mechanical ?????? electrical properties ?????? cover ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? cables, connections, ?????? voltage levels ???????????? ?????? ?????? physical layer protocols ?????? support ???????????? ?????? ???????????? T1, T3, ISDN, ?????? fiber optics ???????????? ?????? ANSI standards ?????? ?????? follow ???????????? ?????????

• Software Engineering ???????????? ???????

Advantages of Frame Relay in Hindi - Frame Relay ?????? ???????????????

1. Efficiency: ?????? X.25 ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????? efficient ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? data connection layer ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? skip ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? higher ?????????????????? ?????? end devices ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? network latency ?????? overhead ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????
2. Variable-Length Packets: ?????? ?????????????????? variable-length ????????????????????? ?????? support ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? - ????????? ???????????? ?????? applications ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????????
3. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation: ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? dynamic bandwidth ?????? allocation ???????????? ?????? ?????? traffic patterns ?????? changing network conditions ?????? ??????????????? ?????? adjust ???????????? ?????????
4. Overload Control Techniques: ?????? source ?????? destination devices ?????? ????????????????????? overload ?????? ???????????? ????????? Alert ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? transmission rates ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? adjust ?????? ???????????? ?????????
5. Cost-Effectiveness: ?????? cost-effective ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? multiple nodes ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? connect ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? physical cables ?????? devices ?????? ??????????????? ?????? minimize ???????????? ?????????

Disadvantages of Frame Relay in Hindi - Frame Relay ?????? ?????????????????????

1. Self-regulated: ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????, sender ?????? ????????? ?????? decide ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? drop ???????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? retransmission ?????? ????????? responsible ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? manual process ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? chances ?????? ???????????? ?????????
2. Unacknowledged: Acknowledgment ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? receiver ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? sender ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? packet ????????? ?????? receive ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? feedback mechanism ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? sender ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? packets successfully receive ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????
3. Drop: Frame Relay ????????? Network congestion ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? data traffic ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? network devices ?????? routers ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? congestion ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? frames ?????? reject ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? loss ?????? ???????????? ?????????
4. Unregulated: Flow control ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? data transfer ?????? flow manage ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? data loss ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? system ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? mechanism ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? data flow ?????? control ???????????? ?????? ????????????
5. Discarded: Network transmission ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? packet ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? corruption ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? drop ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? packet ?????? receive ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? incomplete ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????

Frame Relay's Legacy in Hindi

????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? Frame relay technology ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? networks ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? advanced networking concepts ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? foundation ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? entry-level networking certification ?????????

???????????????????????? (Conclusion)

?????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? Frame Relay in Hindi ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? Thank You!